Ventilation systems unravelled: what you need to know about natural and mechanical ventilation solutions

With advancing technology and a growing awareness of energy efficiency, air quality in buildings is becoming increasingly important. Modern ventilation systems play a decisive role in this. Ventilation systems come in different types, including natural and mechanical variants. In this article, we will take an in-depth look at these two types of ventilation systems, explaining the differences and the specific applications and benefits of each type. From decentralised ventilation systems to passive and active ventilation systems, we will provide a comprehensive insight into the world of modern ventilation technology.

 

Types of ventilation systems: Natural and mechanical ventilation

When it comes to ventilating buildings, building owners and planners are faced with the choice between natural and mechanical ventilation solutions. Natural ventilation systems utilise natural air currents and temperature differences to bring fresh air into a building and remove stale air. Mechanical ventilation systems, on the other hand, use fans to control and improve air circulation.

There are various types of natural or free ventilation, including joint ventilation, window ventilation, shaft ventilation and roof-top ventilation. Each of these methods has its own advantages and disadvantages, depending on the specific requirements of the building and the environment.

On the other hand, mechanical ventilation systems include centralised and decentralised ventilation systems. While centralised systems use a central fan or unit to distribute air through ducts to different rooms, decentralised ventilation systems operate independently, providing individual control and energy efficiency. For further information, we recommend our article "What does a ventilation system actually do?". Here we address key questions about ventilation systems, when and why an installation makes sense and which legal regulations need to be taken into account during installation.

 

Types of natural ventilation

Natural or free ventilation is a ventilation method in which air is exchanged by natural forces such as wind and temperature differences. There are various types of natural ventilation that can be used in buildings.

One widely used method is joint ventilation: this involves achieving air exchange through deliberately created leaks, such as joints in doors and windows. This can help to bring fresh air into the room and improve the air quality. Window ventilation enables natural ventilation by opening windows and doors, which draws stale air out and fresh air in.

Another variant is shaft ventilation. Special shafts and ducts are used to promote air circulation. Shaft ventilation is particularly suitable for underground rooms or cellars. Roof-top ventilation, on the other hand, utilises the natural buoyancy forces of warm air to remove stale air to the outside and allow fresh air to flow in from below.

These forms of natural ventilation can be used in various combinations to ensure effective ventilation in buildings and can be a good complement to mechanical ventilation systems.

 

 

 

Types of mechanical ventilation systems: Centralised and decentralised ventilation systems

An important distinction in ventilation technology results from the type of mechanical ventilation systems that are used: centralised and decentralised ventilation systems.

Centralised ventilation systems use a central fan or a central unit to distribute air through ducts to different rooms. This system is often found in larger buildings or residential complexes as it allows for centralised control units and management. The air flow is regulated by a centralised system, which ensures even ventilation throughout the building.

Decentralised ventilation systems, on the other hand, consist of individual, independent units installed in different rooms. Each unit operates autonomously and can be controlled individually. This type of ventilation system offers flexible and individualised control over the air circulation and temperature in each room. As the units work independently of each other, they can be more energy efficient as they only operate in the rooms where they are needed.

When deciding between centralised and decentralised ventilation systems, various factors must be taken into account, including the size of the building, the air circulation requirements in the rooms and the preferences of the occupants or users. Both systems have their advantages and disadvantages, and the choice of the right system depends on the specific needs and requirements of each building project.

 

 

 

Decentralised ventilation systems: advantages, planning and installation

Decentralised ventilation systems offer a number of advantages that make them an attractive choice for modern buildings. Their main advantage lies in the individual control they allow residents. Each unit can be controlled separately, allowing residents to adjust the air circulation and temperature in their respective rooms according to their needs. This contributes to a pleasant indoor climate and increases living comfort.

Decentralised ventilation systems are also energy-efficient. As they are only operated in the rooms where they are needed, no energy is wasted on ventilating unused rooms. Their installation often requires less extensive construction work and ductwork laying compared to centralised systems, which saves time and money. This makes them particularly attractive for renovation projects or installation in existing buildings.

When planning decentralised ventilation systems, it is important to consider the different needs of the occupants and the specific requirements of the building. Choosing the right units in terms of air performance, sound insulation and heat recovery is crucial for effective and efficient ventilation. Careful planning ensures that the system is optimised to meet the needs of the building.

The installation of decentralised ventilation systems is generally straightforward as it does not require extensive air duct systems. The flexible and customised modules enable quick and efficient installation, which saves time and money. Taking into account the specific requirements of the building, installation can be carried out quickly and easily.

Technological innovations in the field of decentralised ventilation systems focus on further increasing energy efficiency and improving comfort for residents. Advances in heat recovery and intelligent control systems are helping to minimise energy consumption while ensuring optimum air quality. Through continuous innovation, decentralised ventilation systems remain a future-proof and sustainable solution for modern buildings.

 

More exciting articles

If you would like to delve deeper into the world of ventilation technology, we would like to recommend the following articles:

• Passive fresh air inlets - a solution that should not be underestimated
• The three decisive advantages of decentralised ventilation systems
• 4 Proven solutions for decentralised ventilation systems                             

 

The variety of ventilation systems offers customised solutions for different requirements. Both natural and mechanical ventilation systems play an important role in modern construction and ventilation technology. It is crucial to analyse the needs of each building project in order to find the optimum ventilation solution. From passive methods such as joint ventilation to ultra-modern decentralised ventilation systems with heat recovery - the variety and technical possibilities are impressive. It is worth familiarising yourself with the latest developments and technological innovations in order to offer the best possible ventilation solution for every building project. Our experts are at your side to plan and realise customised ventilation systems that meet the highest demands. Contact us to find out more about the possibilities of modern ventilation technology.